Group pursuers Vertebrates A small pod of dolphins Current theories suggest that this proportionally long-limbed approach to body plan was an evolutionary countermeasure to prey adaptation.
Morphologically speaking, while ambush predation requires stealth, pursuit predation requires speed pursuit predators are proportionally long-limbed and equipped with cursorial adaptations. Since groups can engage in longer chases, they often focus on separating a weaker or slower prey item during pursuit. However, this type of pursuit requires group coordination, which may have varying degrees of success. Pacing pursuit is more commonly seen in group pursuit, as individual animals do not need to exert as much energy to capture prey. When the predator is at a closer distance (one that would lead to easier prey capture), it finally gives chase. Predators that rapidly exhaust their metabolic resources during a chase tend to first stalk their prey, slowly approaching their prey to decrease chase distance and time. This choice can be influenced by prey species, seasonal settings, or temporal settings. Pursuit predators may also choose to either exhaust their metabolic resources rapidly or pace themselves during a chase. These two behaviors are typically due to differences in hunting success, where some groups are very successful in groups and others are more successful alone. Certain predators choose to pursue prey primarily in a group of conspecifics these animals are known as pack hunters or group pursuers. Often, predators will scout potential prey, assessing prey quantity and density prior to engaging in a pursuit. However, among pursuit predators there are several common behaviors. There is still uncertainty as to whether predators behave with a general tactic or strategy while preying. One particular form of pursuit predation is persistence hunting, where the predator stalks the prey slowly but persistently to wear it down physically with fatigue or overheating some animals are examples of both types of pursuit.
The chase ends either when the predator successfully catches up and tackles the prey, or when the predator abandons the attempt after the prey outruns it and escapes. The chase can be initiated either by the predator, or by the prey if it is alerted to a predator's presence and attempt to flee before the predator gets close. Pursuit predation is typically observed in carnivorous species within the kingdom Animalia, such as cheetahs, lions, wolves and early Homo species. While the two patterns of predation are not mutually exclusive, morphological differences in an organism's body plan can create an evolutionary bias favoring either type of predation. It is an alternate predation strategy to ambush predation - pursuit predators rely on superior speed, endurance and/or teamwork to seize the prey, while ambush predators use concealment, luring, exploiting of surroundings and the element of surprise to capture the prey. Pursuit predation is a form of predation in which predators actively give chase to their prey, either solitarily or as a group. Not to be confused with Persistence hunting.
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